Pile fabric



May 21, 1929- w. PEARsALl. 1,714,104

PILE FABRIC Filed May 25V, 1928 ATTORNEY Patente'd May 21, 1929.

UNITEDI STATES `WIILI'JIAM PEABSALL, 0F THOMPSONVILLE, CONNECTICUT,ASSIGNOR T0 IBIGELOW- HARTFORD cAarET ooMrANY, TIoN or MASSACHUSETTS.

Application med May 25,

This invention relates to woven fabrics, and

is more particularl directed to` pile fabrics in which the pile sur aceis formed by pile loops in adjoining rows'bound to the backingbetweenthe same binders and wherein enhanced figuring effect may be obtained bycut and uncut loops.

It has heretofore been proposed to provide pile fabrics with a cut anduncut pile surface in an attempt to produce a figure effect, and

to this end it has been the practice to weave successive rows of cut anduncut pile loops each extending the full width of the cloth and bindeach row to the backing by its own separate binders with the result thateach row of loops, whether cut or uncut, presented a d'efined separationof one row from thel adj oining row and consequent limitation ofpossible figuring effect. Two distinct rows of loopsthat is, a cut rowand an uncut row-were thus required for each transverse line of thefigure or pattern where such rows were formed over cutting'and uncuttingpile wires and the pattern or ligure was not well defined.

In the production of pile fabrics having cut and uncut pile it has alsobeen proposed to out off the tops of some of the loops in a row, thusnecessitating that the out loops be of less height than the loopsremaining uncut. It has been proposed further to form all the pile withuncut loops, then depress'some of the loops and cut those not depressed,but in each case the pattern or figure formed by the cut and uncut loopswas not well defined and especially along the borders or outline of thepattern or figure.

The object of the present invention is to provide a pile fabric withpile loops, wherein the pattern or figuring effect is sharp and welldefined and is susceptible of great and practically unlimited variationduring the weaving operation. In accordance wit-h the present invention,the backing fabric may be of any suitable character produced by warp andweft threads, and-'the pile surface is formed by pile loops, theadjoining lashes or rows of whlch transversely of the fabric are boundto the backing between the same face or binder weft threads so that thetwo adjoining lashes or rows of pile loops, when beaten to place,present the appearance of being formed as a single row. In carrying thisfeature of the invention into effect the adjoining lashes or rows ofloops are formed over pile wiresand OF THOMPSONVILIE, CONNECTICUT, ACORPORA- PILE FABRIC.

1928. Serial N0. 280,469.

each lash or row may comprise any desired number of warp threads inaccordance with the pattern to be produced.

In some casesyas required bythe pattern, one of the pile wires may beequip ed with a knife to cut the pile loops of one o the lashes or rowsof loops as the wire is withdrawn, while the wire for the companion oradjoining lash or loops maybe plain, to leave its loops uncut, and boththe cut and uncut pile in adjoining lashes will be bound to the backingbetween the same pair of binder weft threads, the effect being that thecut anduncut loops of the adjoining lashes present the appearance ofbeing in the same transverse row of pile in the finished roduct. A

By variation in t e number of warp threads in each lash or row of loopsit is evident that great variation in the pattern effect may be producedeven by the use of a singlecolor Warp, because of the contrasting effectof the out and uncut pile loops, apparently in the same transverse rowbetween the same pair of binder weft threads, and by variation in thecolor of the warp and formation of each lash by jac uard or other shedforming mechanism, t e figuring effect. may be changed almostidefnitely, and similarly by the use of like pile wires alternating withgroups of other pile wires the pattern effect and contrasting ap earanceof the cut and uncut pile loo s may further enhanced.

he invention in lone of its simple forms is shown in the accompanyingdrawings and will be hereinafter descri ed with the understanding,however, that great variation in patterneffects may be made by any orall of the expedients hereinbefore mentioned.

.In the drawings:

' Fig. 1 is a perspective view` of a piece of fabric containing thepresent invention in its simple form, showing the use of a cutting andnon-cutting pile wire in adjoining lashes or rows of pile loo s betweenthe same binder weft thread, an one of the pattern effects that may beproduced thereby 5 Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectlon of the l.fabricshowing the pile loops of adjoining lashes or rows as they appear overthe cutting) and non-cutting pile wires and bound to the acking betweenthe same surface binder or weft threads;

Fig. 3 is a similar view showing the pile wires as having been withdrawnand the cut and uncut pile loops in adjoining lashes or rows bound inplace between the same binder weft threads; and t Fig. 4 is adiagrammatic view in longitudinal section showing the use of differentkinds or colors of pile forming warp threads and the cutting andnon-cutting pile wires in lace.

The backing fabric may be woven in any suitable manner calculated tofurnish a proper support 'or back foil the pile surface and, as shown inthe present instance, it comprises stutfer warp threads 1, weft threads2 and 3, pile binder weft threads 4, and the binder warp threads 5 and6, and to the backing fabric the adjoining lashes or rows of pile loops,cut or uncut, are bound by and between the same pair of pile binder weftthreads with the result that the two lashes or rows of pile are held insuch close relation that they present the appearance of pile loops in asingle transverse lash or row without separation or demarkation betweenthe two adjoining rows.

In Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the drawings, uncut pile loops of one of theadjoining lashes or rows are indicated at 7, while the cut pile loops ofthe companion or adjoining lash or row are indicated at 8, and bothlashes or rows of pile loops are bound to the backing fabric by andbetween the same pile binder weft threads 4, 4, so that on the beat-upthe two companion or adjoining pile loops are forced into .such closerelation that the two appear in a single row transversely of the fabric.The number of pile forming warp threads that are utilized in forming theadjoining lashes or rows may be varied indelinitely by the sheddingmechanism or jacquard in accordance with the desired pattern. In thefabric shown by Fig. 1, all of the pile forming warp threads are of thesame color, but the contrast between the cut and uncut loops presents asharp and well defined pat tern or figuring effect without breaks orinterruptions that are frequently apparent in cut and uncut pile fabricswhere each lash or row is separately bound to the backing fabric.

In the particular pattern represented by Fig. 1, the number of uncutpile loops in one lash or row is greater than the number of cut loops inthe companion or adjoining lash or row, and by variation in the relativepositions of the successive cut and uncut lashes or rows or loops apattern effect such as shown or any variation thereof may be produced,even with pile forming warp threads of the same color or kind, withoutbreaks or grinning through of the backing fabric.

The fabric of the present invention is produced by the use qf cuttingand non-cutting pile wires associated with any desired character ofshedding mechanism which will form the adjoining lashes or rows ofappropriate number of pile forming warp threads, and

in the instance of the invention as shown by Fig. 1, the number of warpthreads desired inthe formationiof the uncut loops 7 in any one lash orrow to be associated with the cut lash or row adjoining, are passed overa plain or non-cutting pile wire 9, while the number of warp threadsdesired in the adjoining lash or row of cut loops 8 are passed over apile cutting wire 10 having a cutting blade 11, and the two are bound tothe backing fabric between the same pair of binder weft threads 4, 4, sothat when the beat-up takes place and the wires are Withdrawn, the cutand uncut pile loops are interlaced or so intimately bound together thata transverse row of pile between a pair of binder weft threads presentsthe appearance of cut and uncut pile loops in a single row.

While the invention as exemplified in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, shows the pileloops of adjoining rows composed of alternate cut and uncut pile loopsbound to the backing as one between the same pair of binder weftthreads, this particular arrangement may be varied in accordance withthe desiredpattern and the pile wires of either kind be grouped toproduce special pattern effects, the 'essential being that adjoininglashes or rows of loops be found to the backing fabric as a unit betweenthe same binder weft threads 4, 4 which are themselves bound to thebacking fabric by the binder warp threads 5 and 6, substantially asshown.

Cut pile loops formed by the withdrawal of a pile cutting wire usuallyrequire trimming or shearing to produce a satisfactory pile surface, andto permit this to be done, where cut and uncut loops are associated forthe production of pattern effects, the uncut pile loops are purposelyformed sufficiently lower than the cut pile loops to admit the cut pileloops to.

be sheared without injury to the uncut pile loops which might spoil ormar the desired pattern effect.

As hereinbefore stated, great variation in pattern or figure effects ispossible in accordance with the present invention by a single color orkind of pile forming warp threads, as exemplified in the aboveexploitation of the invention, but in further development of patterneffects the use of a jacquard, preferably with a double set of cards,permits great variation in desired ligure, design, or coloring. Thiswill be apparent at once to those skilled in the art without detailexplanation, but in Fig. 4 an illustration is given, wherein the backingfabric, including the stuifer warp l, the weft threads 2 and 3, the pilebinder weft threads 4, 4, and the binder warp threads 5 and 6 may besubstantially as described in connection with Figs. 1, 2 and 3. The pileforming warp threads a, b, c, d and e, however, are indicated as ofdifferent kinds or colors and are selectively raised by the jacquard inaccordance with the desired pattern or color effect for the insertion ofthe pile lforming wires. For instance the pile warp a is shown raisedover the pile wire 9 at the left in said Fig. 4 to form a series of pileloops transversely of the fabric, and on the next shed formation warpthread a is depressed and pile forming warp bis raised over pile wire 10to form the adjoining lash or row of loops, and both are bound as one tothe backing between the same binder weft threads 4, 4.

If the wire 9 is a non-cutting wire and the wire l0 a cutting wire thetwo adjoining lashes or rows will present cut anduncut pile loops whichmay be of different colors, or if both the pile wires are of thesame-kind then the pile loops, whether cut, or uncut, will pref sentdifferent color designs, both, however, bound as one to the backin thesame binder weft threa s.

The pile warps c and d may be similarly manipulated, while the remainingpile warp threads may float within the` body of the fabric.

The great variation in sharp and well-defined pattern, figure, anddesign, rendered possible by the present invention at once becornesapparent to one skilled in the art, and

is especially advantageous in rugs, carpets, upholstery and like pilefabrics where changes 1n pattern effects are frequently required.

`What is claimed is: f1. A woven fabric comprising a backing of Warp andweft threads and having a pile surface formed in figurin effect by pileloops, the lashes of pile loops ing arranged across the fabric in pairsofcontacting transverse rows unseparated by a weft thread and bound tothe backing between the same adjacent pairs of face binder weft threads.

2. vA woven fabric having a backing of warp and weft threads and a pilesurface.

formed in figuring effect by cut and uncut fabric between pile1oops,.the lashes of pile loops being arranged across the fabric inpairs of contacting transverse rows uns'eparated by a weft thread andbound to the backing between the same adjacent face or binder weftthreadsv to `present the appearance of cut and uncut pile loops in atransverse row of loops.

3. A woven fabric having a backing formed of war and weft threads and apile surface formed) in figuring effect by uncut pile loops and highercut pile loops, the lashes of pile loops being arranged across thefabric in pairs o contacting rows consisting of one cut row and oneuncut row and unseparated by a weft thread, and both rows being bound tothe back between the, same pair of face or binder weft threads andpresenting the appearance of both cut and uncut loops in each transverserow.

4. A woven fabric having a backing formed of warp and weft threads and apile surface formed in figuring effect of different colors by cut anduncut pile loops, the lashes of pile loops being arranged across thefabric in pairs of contacting transverse rows unseparated by a weftthread and bound to the backing between the same face or binder weftthreads to present the appearance of cut and uncut pile loops in atransverse row of loops.

5. A woven pile fabric comprising a woven backing fabric havingweftthreads secured at its face and back by binder warp threads, andhaving a pile surface formed in figuring effect by cut and uncut pileloops, .the lashes of the pile loops being arranged across the fabric inpairs of contacting rows unseparatedby a weft thread and bound tothevbacking fabric between the same adjacent pair of face weft threads.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my naine to this specification.

WILLIAM PEARSALL.

